Middle Pennsylvanian paleogeographic and basin analysis of the Taos trough, northern New Mexico

Date

2014-08

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Abstract

The Taos trough is one of several tectonically active cratonic basins related to late Paleozoic ARM deformation. Two competing basin models for the Taos trough were tested in order to better discern the evolution of the ancestral Rocky Mountains in northern New Mexico. The opposing models were pure flexural foreland basin versus multiple basins separated by intrabasinal uplifts. The composite section from Highway 518 Holman grade and Forest Service Road 723, in northern New Mexico, records 949 m of middle Pennsylvanian fluvial deltaic deposits. Conodonts recovered from the base and top of the composite section indicate that the deposition occurred during the early to middle Desmoinesian. Sedimentologic and stratigraphic data indicate that the succession is cyclic with three separate cycle types recorded: 1) A-type, 2) B-type, and 3) C-type. Each cycle is defined by cycle-top facies composed of variable water depths. Twenty one cycles are exposed in the study area with 11 being A-type, 7 B-type, and 3 C-Type. Control on the cycles was largely variations in tectonic subsidence while correlation of relative water depth records to far-field cyclic successions in the Donets Basin suggests that eustasy largely modulated the cyclic successions. Sediment transport data was used to discern the likely provenance region for the sediment in the study area. The data indicate a predominantly westerly transport direction, supporting an eastern source. Sediment dispersal indicators in fluvial and deltaic facies are easiest to reconcile with a nearby highland, rather than the Sierra Grande uplift (~ 80-100 km away). Thus, the El Oro-Rincon uplift is the preferred eastern highland shedding sediment into the study area. Previous studies, on the west side of the Taos trough axis, record an easterly sediment transport direction and were previously used to bolster the inference of a flexural model. Our westerly sourced data combined with the easterly sourced suggests that clastic material funneled into a central axis of the Taos trough. A backstripped subsidence model indicates that basin subsidence began during the Early Pennsylvanian, and that rates increased rapidly during the Early Desmoinesian. Subsidence rates greatly decreased in the Late Pennsylvanian, indicating a period of tectonic quiescence, but uptick again in the Early Permian. The activity created nearly 5km of total Late Paleozoic subsidence in the eastern Taos trough. The tectonic subsidence curve compares to both strike-slip and flexural derived foreland basin curves and indicates that the basin likely experienced a combination of both strike-slip and thrust systems. Comparison of the subsidence model and sediment transport data of the Taos trough indicates that the Taos trough is difficult to characterize as a purely flexural basin or a strike-slip basin. A potential unifying structural model may involve transfer of Early Pennsylvanian sinistral slip from the Pecos-Picuris fault into the basal thrust of the intrabasinal El Oro-Rincon uplift. In this scenario the bend in the Pecos-Picuris fault system south of the ancestral Brazos uplift allows for sinistral slip to transfer to the basin center resulting in a series of basement involved thrusts within the basin.

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Keywords

Middle Pennsylvanian, Taos trough, Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, Basin analysis

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