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Description:
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In this thesis research , calix[4]arene ligands with proton -ionizable groups on the lower and upper rim have been prepared using calix[4]arene as the scaffold . Two major projects have been successfully accomplished . In the first , di -ionizable calix[4]arene ligands and p -tert -butylcalix[4]arene ligands with proton -ionizable groups on the lower rim were synthesized . The objective is to investigate the effect of benzyl substitution on the lower rim with p -tert -butyl substitution on the upper rim on their metal ion complexation abilities , which will provide information concerning how benzyl - and para -substituents affect extraction efficiency and selectivity . In the second project , three series of di -ionizable calix[4]arene ligands with proton -ionizable groups on the upper rim were synthesized . p -Carboxycalix[4]arene ligands and p -carboxymethylcalix[4]arene ligands have two proton -ionizable N - (X )sulfonyl carboxamide groups on the upper rim and four methoxy groups on the lower rim . p -Carboxycalix[4]arene -crown -5 ligands have two N - (X )sulfonyl carboxamide groups on the upper rim and a crown -5 ring on the lower rim . The main objective of second project is to evaluate effect of proton -ionizble groups on the upper rim with a crown ether unit on the lower rim on their metal ions complexation abilities . |