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Abstract:
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Second language acquisition (SLA ) research finds that small group (SG ) and pair work (PW ) are essential tools in language learning , specifically creating optimal conditions for negotiation of meaning (e .g . , Long , 1985 ; Pica , et al . , 1996 ) . Limited research has focused on learner perceptions playing a part in establishing these conditions . This study examines learner perceptions of participation in SG /PW and the actual character of their participation in creating necessary conditions for SLA .
This study involved 29 adult ESL learners enrolled in a private institute . Using focus group discussions , video -recorded SG /PW activities , and "stimulated recall" (Gass & Mackey , 2000 ) , learner perceptions of SG /PW are identified . In addition , learner levels of participation were calculated through conversational "turns" (Edelsky , 1981 ) . Findings show a majority of learners noted communicative breakdown as motivating and it forced them to negotiate for meaning . Further , learners displaying positive perceptions toward SG /PW took more turns , allowing for an opportunity -rich environment for SLA . |