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Abstract:
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Virtual Reality (VR ) based surgical simulators create a simulated , realistic three dimensional surgical environments using advanced graphic and haptic rendering techniques . Virtual objects , which are geometric surface polygonal models of different human organs and instruments , are rendered in a common viewing volume . Such deformable or non -deformable polygonal models interact with each other . In order to provide a realistic response in real -time , detection of collisions in such models is the greatest challenge in the field of VR based simulators . Once collision is detected , the overlapping region and the largest penetration distance for a pair of intersecting objects need to be determined so that realistic deformations of the objects can be calculated and rendered . This thesis presents a simple and efficient algorithm to detect collisions between two objects and to calculate the penetration depth from the overlapping region . In a surgical simulator , there are two types of object pair interactions : deformable to non–deformable and , deformable to deformable object interactions . This work examines tissue to rigid body and , tissue to tissue interactions and provides realistic deformation to the interacting tissues in both cases . |