Toxic contamination of sediments in Puget Sound

Public recognition of toxic contamination of sediments was a key factor in the establishment of the Puget Sound National Estuary Program. Since 1987, a comprehensive program has been developed including sediment quality standards, management of unconfined open water disposal of dredged material, mapping of sediment hot spots, source controls, and cleanup. This paper will address the evolution of the various programs, report on current conditions in Puget Sound, and discuss the legal, technical, institutional, and social barriers to achieving the goal of eliminating harm to the ecosystem from sediment contamination.